PATRICE EMERY LUMUMBA

After a long struggle,when most African countries gain their independence in the late 1950,early 1960. Most of theses nations Leaders were Socialist Leaders. They chose this system in order to build and organize their nations in unity and harmony because they believed that ''Socialism'' was what Capitalism was not. A system that represented their identity,tradition, values... the unity that they once had.that it would protect their new found independence and sovereignty.a path, a doctrine that could contribute to their people benefit.
Who were these Socialist Leaders? what did they stood up for? why most of them were murdered? and by whom?Those are the questions that we will try to answer in this new topic" African Socialist Leaders''

We will start counting them one by one, starting with who many consider as the greatest leader Africa has ever had. The only African leader whom, only 10 weeks in office changed the history of Africa and became a symbol, not only for African freedom fighters, but for the world as well.



Patrice Émery Lumumba: (2 JULY 1925-17 JANUARY 1961)

was an anti-colonial African leader who would become the first legally elected prime Minister of the Republic Of Congo (known today as The Democratic Republic Of Congo). After he helped the country to win its independence from Belgium in June 1960. But his government would be overthrown, deposed by a popular coup during the Congo's crisis Only ten weeks later. He was imprisoned a lot of times and murdered in controversial circumstance til this day, the real truth about the plot of his death, whom were involve in Lumumba's assassination is still unknown. Some Rumours affirm that the coup was organized by Colonel Joseph Mobutu, endorsed by the CIA and the Belgium Government,even if these last keep refusing the accusation of taking part of his physical elimination.
In my opinion , no Leader in the world have been murdered the way He was: after killing him, his enemies, cut his body and put it in acid. all that was left was some teeth and the skull.
He is considered by many as the greatest African Leader of all time. He never declared himself as a Socialist, but his ideology was socialist. his vision was for not only the Congolese people to unite but for the African people to unite as a whole and that is how he saw Africa. united and not divided. He was considered by Malcolm X as : '' the greatest black man who ever walked the African continent''
and he became today a symbol of struggle, and freedom not only for the African people but for the world as well, where he has inspired millions of people.
But why was He murdered? why was he a threat for capitalism?
they killed him for the same reason they had assassinated most of our revolutionary leaders. they murdered most of them only for the fact of wanting our people to unite and take the destiny of our continent in our own hands in order to determine our future.
The West called him a Communist , when Lumumba Himself denied of being a Communist. He even declared once that he was neutral between having to identify his vision with the EAST and WEST. All he did was comparing Communism and Colonization as facing the same situation of that time. something very sad was when he was arrested for the last time before dieing, the US was the first country he had asked for help. even the United Nation who could have saved him, let him die saying that he had escaped from the protection that they had sent for him at his residence. There was nothing else they could do for him.
His enemies though that by killing him they would erase his vision but it was the opposite. they made him an Prophet, a legend by killing him, because Lumumba's name was bigger than himself. They feared him more when he was dead than when he was alive. His legacy lives on. There are millions of Lumumba's not only in Africa but all around the world inspired by this Martyr who became the symbol of Freedom and Unity.

LUMUMBA'S MISTAKES:

Lumumba as most of our African martyrs made mistakes. In some decision they made,they had no choice but in others they had.
1. eye believe that Lumumba's first mistake was to name Mobutu , Chief of the army.
2. His Second mistake he made it some days after being elected prime minister.that fateful decision he made, raising the pay of all government employees except for the army. at that point he really needed the army, he had to win their trust and support, because a government with no support of it army won't even last a week( we've seen the example in Ghana, when the army deposed the government of President Kwame' Nkrumak, while he was abroad, In Burkina Faso when the army lead by Capt. Thomas Sankara and Capt.Blaise Compaore' led the coup and overthrew the government. In Libya, in 1969 the coup led by Capt.Mohmar Kadafi and some officers, they overthrew King Idris al-Mahdim while he was outside the country for some medical treatment, and proclaimed a republic.)
If Lumumba had gain trust in the army, eye believe that on July 5m there wouldn't be mutiny among soldiers ,who were also rebelling against their Belgians officers for treating them with no respect. this would lead to a general breakdown, which allowed Colonel Mobutu to take advantage of the situation, taking over because Lumumba lost the control of the whole situation.
3. He was surrounded by bad people, alienating his colleagues and supporters.
4. He failed to promote development in the country.

LUMUMBA'S WRITINGS:

Lumumba did not really have time to write about his vision because not only he did not get to live long,( He was only 36 years old when he was assassinated), but he was subsequently imprisoned, he would sometimes write some notes from his cell and throw them outside so that his followers could collect and publish them.most time it was in his speeches.
but he got to write books such as :
Congo, My Country, 1962, New York: Praeger (Books That Matter)
Lumumba Speaks: The Speeches and Writings of Patrice Lumumba, 1958-1961 [Collection of Speeches, Little, Brown and Company, 1972] Translated by Helen R. Lane. Ed. Jean Van Lierde

WRITINGS ABOUT LUMUMBA:

A lot of authors wrote about Lumumba :
Aimé Césaire, Une Saison au Congo (1966); Eng. trans. by Ralph Manheim, A Season in the Congo (1969). A poetic drama about the career and death of Lumumba.

W. A. E Skurnik, African Political Thought: Lumumba, Nkrumah, Touré (Social Science Foundation and Graduate School of International Studies, University of Denver. Monograph series in world affairs, v. 5, no. 3-4), 1968, Denver: University of Denver, ASIN B0006CNYSW

Ludo De Witte, The Assassination of Lumumba, Trans. by Ann Wright and Renée Fenby, 2002 (Orig. 2001), London; New York: Verso, ISBN 1-85984-410-3

Thomas R. Kanza, Conflict in the Congo: The Rise and Fall of Lumumba (Penguin African library), 1972, New York: Penguin, ISBN 0-14-041030-9

Robin McKown, Lumumba: A Biography, 1969, London: Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-07776-9
G. Heinz, Lumumba: The Last Fifty Days, 1980, New York: Grove Press, ASIN B0006C07TQ
Panaf, Patrice Lumumba (Panaf Great Lives), 1973, New York: St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-901787-31-0

Kwame Nkrumah, Challenge of the Congo, 1967, New York: International Publishers

Tributes To Lumumba:

In 1966 Patrice Lumumba's image was rehabilitated by the Mobutu regime and he was proclaimed a national hero and martyr in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. By a presidential decree, the Brouwez House, site of Lumumba's brutal torture on the night of his murder, became a place of pilgrimage in the Congo.[29] Plans made to erect a spire in Lumumba's memory did not proceed but the anniversary of Lumumba's death was commemorated yearly until 1974, upon the unveiling of Mobutism.
A major transportation artery in Kinshasa, the Lumumba Boulevard, is named in his honor. The boulevard goes past an interchange with a giant tower, the Tour de l'Echangeur (the main landmark of Kinshasa) in honor of the martyr prime minister. On the tower's plaza, the first Kabila regime erected a tall statue of Lumumba with a raised hand, greeting people coming from Kinshasa International Airport.
In Bamako, Mali, Lumumba Square is a large central plaza with a life-size statue of Lumumba, a park with fountains, and a flag display. Around Lumumba Square are various businesses, embassies and Bamako's largest bank.
Streets were also named after him in Haiti, Tanzania, Ghana, Budapest, Hungary (between 1961 and 1990); Belgrade, Serbia; Bata and Malabo, Equatorial Guinea; Tehran, Iran; Algiers, Algeria (Rue Patrice Lumumba);[30] Santiago de Cuba, Cuba (since 1960, formerly Avenida de Bélgica); Łódź, Poland; Kiev, Ukraine; Rabat, Morocco; Maputo, Mozambique; Leipzig, Germany; Lusaka, Zambia ("Lumumba Street").
The Peoples' Friendship University of the USSR was renamed "Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University" in 1961, but it was later renamed "The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia" in the post-Soviet landscape in 1992.[31]
In Belgrade, Serbia, "The Patris Lumumba Hall of Residence" at Belgrade University was built in 1961 and continues to carry Lumumba's name.[32]
In Kampala, Uganda, "Lumumba Hall" of Residence at Makerere University continues to carry his name.
"Lumumba" is a popular choice for children's names throughout Africa.[33]
American stand-up comedian Patrice Oneal is named after Lumumba.
Argentinian Reggae Band, was named "Lumumba". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumumba_%28band%29
In 1964 Malcolm X labelled Patrice Lumumba, "the greatest black man who ever walked the African continent".

we attached a documentary video about LUMUMBA from www.youtube.com


we also would like to thank the wikipedia.org site to have given us a lot of information to elaborate this topic about Patrice Lumumba.
NB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba

Sully A. ''AN AFRIKA'N APART.....''

African Socialism Movement.

The word “socialism” used back in the 1950 and 1960 was a term that most African leaders would use because they though that it was the perfect system that could unite the continent and make it progress. they believed that It would unite us in the recognition to restore Africa’s humanist and equality in the reconstruction of various nation-states.
Mostly Doc. Kwame Nkrumah, who was Ghana's First president,spent his life calling for Africa to unite...not only to help each others in case of any danger but to come together as one uniting their economy, policy, army as one bloc. as The United States of Africa. due to some disagreements among the leaders of that time, Africa lost the best opportunity to determine the future.
now day socialism is still mentioned in Africa, but tends to lose its objective content in favour of a distracting terminology and general confusion. Each state describes its government as socialist, has a different type of socialism than upon the need for socialist development, using it to describe a complex of social purposes and the consequential social and economic policies, organizational patterns, state structure, and ideologies which can lead to the attainment of those purposes. For such leaders, the aim is to remold African society in the socialist direction; to reconsider African society in such a manner that the humanism of traditional African life re-asserts itself in a modern technical community.

Doc. Kwame' Nkrumah, did explain the differences at the Africa seminar ''Problem of peace and socialism'' held in Cairo in 1967, saying that:

there are those who believe in a new social synthesis in which modern technology is reconciled with human values, in which the advanced technical society is realized without the staggering social malefactions and deep schisms of capitalist industrial society. because true economic and social development cannot be promoted without the real socialization of productive and distributive processes. Those African leaders who believe these principles are the ''socialists in Africa.''(1)

Meanwhile there are those who believed that ''socialism'' would,promote economical and social development having nothing to do with capitalism.
those are called “African socialists”.

and these are the leaders we are going to dedicate this page trying to find out who were they? what vision they had for Africa? and what happened to them.

African Socialists:

Nkrumah's Ghana (1957–1966),Ahmed Sékou Touré's Guiné (1958–1984), Modibo Keita's Mali (1960–1968), Julius Nyerere's Tanzania (1960–1985) Leopold Sédar Senghor's Senegal (1960–1981), and Kenneth Kaunda's Zambia (1964–1991) are the primary examplars of "south of the Sahara" African socialisms.

African socialists were nationalist-politicians who believed the anthropologically problematic idea of a long-established ethos within the precolonial community's traditions of extended family networks of social mutualism, social egalitarianism, and a consensus system of political order. This order could be modernized but able to avoid conflicts inherent in European class societies,
as in Tanzania's Julius Nyerere's (1922–1999) vision of a policy of education for self-reliance that would enable a willing peasantry to accept collective decision-making in villages organized by the state.

Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972) is often identified as the major figure, not because he was the most original; nor because of his execution of socialism when in power. It lies, rather, in his posthumous stature among Pan-Africanists and because he left a corpus of writing after his overthrow in 1966 that identified his credentials as a rebirthed radical. While in power, however, his political policies followed a familiar trajectory of one-party socialism—the imprisonment of the opposition, the banning of strikes by the same unions he would demand take up the cause of revolutionary socialism after his overthrow. There is little in his thought or, indeed, in much of his practice that to varying degrees.

one cannot find in Mali's Modibo Keita (1915–1977)
or in Guiné's Ahmed Sékou Touré (1922–1984), or for that matter much that is different in the North African socialist variants. In the case of Touré, he claimed that because prior to Guiné's independence in 1958, colonialism's inability to create class antagonisms was because extensive private ownership barely existed. The Africanization of Marxism could begin by building upon the supposed solidarity of a precapitalist caste-based society. His early, distinctly radical rule tried to create the cadres for a socialist revolution. As his policies failed, Touré responded with greater centralized rule and fiercer social oppression, which was mirrored in a collapse of the economy and livelihoods in Guiné.

Consistent with notions that the one-party state was best suited to carry out nation-building and development tasks, after independence Modibo Keita promptly moved to declare the Union Soudanaise Independence Party the single party of the Malian state, pursue a socialist policy based on extensive nationalization, and court both the Soviet Union and China. Malians were constructing socialisms through choosing the best from their Islamic past, where duties to the weakest and poorest in society were part of Afro-Islamic egalitarianism. Keita genuinely believed economic and financial decolonization from France and the establishment of socialist structures throughout the country. To this end, from 1961 before his overthrow in 1968, Keita's regime would maintain the necessity of structural sectorial reforms.

In contrast, Leopold Sédar Senghor (1906–2001) was a pragmatist for whom socialism was a cultural vision. Less interested in immediate structural transformations in the economy, he was more interested in an identification of the alleged mores of African societies, which, he claimed, were forms of social humanism. For Senghor, African socialism as culture never translated, except pragmatically, into much more than a cultural disposition that could modify some of the more corrosive values of western individualism. There were never the attempts at the large-scale socialization of production found among the more radical African socialists, in part because of the intimate economic and cultural relations Senegal had with France, and also because of the various conservative members of coalitions that supported the ruling Union Progressiste Sénégalaise (UPS), especially the Islamic Brotherhoods, who maintained some control over much of Senegal's main export commodity, groundnuts.

Political compromise rooted in production and key resources made political commitments appear rationalizations. So, Kenneth Kaunda's (1924–) eclectic African humanistic justification of state nationalization and state welfare through bringing together elements of Christian and Fabian socialisms allied with a selective liberalism was joined to a putative African collectivism. If it appeared well meaning, it could also appear a rationalization of state patronage through Zambia's major industry, copper: accumulation by political elites through nationalization. Profiting from soaring copper prices on world markets for over a decade after independence, many urban Zambians benefited from state subsidies and an expanded welfare system. Less than a decade later, however, these services shrunk under the burden of low world commodity prices and accumulated debt, revealing that the socialization means of production benefited a freeloading bureaucracy that contributed little but their vacancies.

Between 1965 and 1977, Nyerere's ujamma (familyhood) socialism was the highest profile African socialism and development. Initially meant to promote an egalitarian ethos, and a way of forestalling the development of classes and inequality, it failed because of a long price depression for its export commodities, costs sustained in removing Idi Amin from power, and the inability for the state to genuinely understand the needs of its peasantry. Peasants, the supposed source of ujamma modernization from below became subject to state-sanctioned bureaucratized replacement of traditional rural households with the forced displacement of nine million rural dwellers into planned resettlement "development" villages.

Nyerere said that villagization was not socialism but a technical decision concerned with the concentration of resources in settlements with little input from the peasantry; socialism and its full appreciation would come later. They never did. Very much reliant upon foreign aid for development programs, Tanzania was anything but self reliant. After a decade of economic failure, and compelled by the demands of international financial institutions (IFIs) to adjust and stabilize its economy, by the time he left office in 1985 there was no more African socialists.

Afro-Marxism
Marxist socialisms grouped under the rubric of Afro-Marxist regimes, which came into and out of existence between 1963 and 1995, primarily coming to power through military coups. They include Congo's Massemba-Debat to Sassou Ngeusso (1963–1991), Ethiopia under Menigstu Haile-Miriam (1974–1991), Somalia under Siad Barre (1969-1991), Mathieu Kérékou's Benin (1972-1991), and Didier Ratsiraka's Madagascar 1975–1993, 1997–). Also included is Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe (1924–), who came to power through armed struggle and subsequent elections, and who also used Marxist-Leninist rhetoric. African "scientific socialisms'" only real affinities to Marxism-Leninism and most practicing African socialism were one-partyism, the nationalization of industries, and authoritarianism. There were also Marxists, like the Cap Verdian Amílcar Cabral (1924–1973), the Angolan Augusthino Neto, and the Mozambiquans Eduardo Mondlane and Samora Machel, whose successors came to power inheriting very unstable states in the violently uneven and unresolved Luso-phone national liberation struggles. All regimes accepted some alliance with the Soviet Union. The one actual social revolution, which sought to socialize production and attempt to actually transform society, was the Ethiopian Revolution (1974), which was also the most bloody, killing thousands in its wake. Afro-Marxists also came into existence at a time when there was a revivification of Third Worldism, but also at a time when world markets were contracting, and debt was beginning to grow.

Afro-Marxism's rhetoric and practice were divorced from the realities they enforced themselves upon. Few understood, even cared to understand, both peasant life and the ethnic environments within which they inhabited. The exceptions were the assassinated leaders, Cabral and Eduardo Mondlane (1920–1969). For both Marxism had little utility unless it allowed activists and peasants alike to understand their worlds as ends to participation and well being, and both felt that understanding the materially cultural aspects of the populations that sought liberation was practically and normatively important. Striking about all of Afro-Marxist regimes is how easily they either collapsed or so easily altered themselves from Marxist-Leninist parties to liberalizing recipients of neoliberal adjustment policies. The regimes and leaders that did not collapse transformed themselves into devotees of the advice offered by (IFIs). Often leaving a bloody bequest of failure and death, these regimes' rhetoric was as deep as their commitment to actually revolutionize the relations and forces of production.(2)

As conclusion, we must understand that Whether Marxist, social democratic, or state-capitalist, African socialism reflected diverse political economies and polities, covering theoretical intents, ideological perspectives, political movements, cultural and regional orientations, revolutionary struggles, and formerly actually existing socialist states. Over half of Africa's states had celebrated themselves as socialist or social democratic, have identified socialism in the pages of their liberation charters, and/or have retained "socialist," or socialism in their constitutions.

Like most other African political systems, African socialism failed to meet people's aspirations and needs. They sometimes employed opportunistic and brutal ambition to thwart people's wishes for greater freedoms and choices over the nature and status of their needs. Equally, they frequently had their hopes aborted as casualties of Cold War realpolitik and vacillating economic desires of a world capitalist system.

African socialism's prospects look inauspicious. The wave of post-1970s, liberalization, and the collapse of the regimes, or death of many important leaders associated with African socialism's preeminence and disgrace, also saw many of these socialisms go with them. Increasing constraints of economic deprivation and debt, the imposition of adjustment and stabilization, and the demand, internally and externally, for greater pluralism and political choice, further limit prospects for renewal. African socialism became a consensus metaphor for failure—of the centralization, authoritarianism, and inefficiencies of state malfunction. The history of socialism in Africa suggests much failure and a history of false promises; it also suggests, however, that those failures arise from development failure, a failure not generic to Africa and not to socialism alone. African socialism was a history of intent; as such it should also be remembered as past optimism for what it promised, even where it couldn't fulfill it.


(1)http://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nkrumah/1967/african-socialism-revisited.htm
(2)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_socialism.

what type of system african nations need;''socialism'' or ''capitalism''

what type of system africa nations really need to get unite and put an end ot it political and economical crisis?
is it a socialism system or a capitalism?

Eye grew up hearing socialism as something evil, something dangerous. that every world socialism leaders such as ; Lenine, Ho chi Min, Mao,Fidel Castro,Hitler,General Tito, Salvador allende... and african socialist leaders such as ; where considered as dictators, and dangerous for the world, for that they were most murdered especially african socialist leaders. Some had to change their doctrine in order to survive.
and capitalism was and still is seen as something good, a hope , an opportunity where each one could fullfill his dream depending on their efforts; but the problem is that there was never an explanation why socialism was considered as a bad thing.
Was it that the capitalism bloc feared the Socialism Bloc because it was winning support all over europe and africa? afraid that it would take over America too?
if we could analize today's world new order; whom are really dictators? is it the socialist leaders or the capitalist leaders?
what is really socialism?

Socialism according to wikipedia,(the free encyclopedia);'' referes to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating social or collective ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and the creation of an egalitarian society where labor is the main source of wealth.

The World have had all type of socialism;most have disapearded with the fall of the Soviet Union, very few a left.

-Libertarian socialism (which includes Socialist Anarchism and Libertarian Marxism) rejects state control and ownership of the economy altogether and advocates direct collective ownership of the means of production via co-operative workers' councils and workplace democracy.

-Chinese Socialism through the Mao Ze Tong Chine's Revolution, establishing a communism state in China.

-the German Socialism ''fascist'' under Adolf Hitler.

-the North Corea Socialism.

-The Cuban Socialism lead by Fidel Castro.

-The africa Socialism embraced by most of african countries colonized by french, but also those colonized by great britain.

Julius Nyerere (Tanzania)
Amílcar Cabral (Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde)
Kenneth Kaunda (Zambia)
Modibo Keita (Mali)
Samora Machel (Mozambique)
Michel Micombero (Burundi)
Eduardo Mondlane (Mozambique)
Sam Nujoma (Namibia)
Oginga Odinga (Kenya)
Didier Ratsiraka (Madagascar)
Jerry Rawlings (Ghana)
Thomas Sankara (Burkina Faso)
Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal)
Ahmed Sékou Touré (Guinea)

Leaders such as Agostinho Neto, Marien Ngouabi, Mengistu Haile Mariam, and Siad Barre, while avowed socialists, were widely considered to build their respective countries on a structure that was much more Soviet-oriented than indigenous.


-And the so called Socialsim of the 21st Century In Latin American countries,refering it politial programs as socialist, with an anti-imperialist stance, rejecting of the policies of neo-liberalism and the nationalisation or part nationalisation of oil production, land and other assets.lead by Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez and Bolivian President Evo Morales, still copying part of the cuban revolution program.

Karl Marx posited that socialism would be achieved via class struggle and a proletarian revolution which represents the transitional stage between capitalism and communism.

Ernesto Cheguevara whom eye consider as one of my all time favorite revolutionarist. eye even gave my first Child Jorson Che' his name, he believed that; '' it is only through a armed struggle that the third world country could free themselves from the oppression of the capitalism ideology''
but we have seen socialists leaders also comming to power without violence; leaders as salvador allende of chilli, even if he would later be killed by the militaries of his own government leaded by his one time most trusted general ''Pinochet''with the help of the CIA.


1* If eye was asked about which regimes were more authoritarians and considered as dictators, eye believe that it are the sam regimes that emerged after the Socialism administrations, which in most case were the same parties that served the african nations under African socialist programmes which did not deliver on the promises of self-sufficiency, prosperity, and equality (partly as a result of the empowerment of the governments at the expense of the people), and as a result many have grew disillusioned with African socialism.

2*This is what eye believe, and wish for africa;

Eye believe that today's world need to embrace both system. we need to combine both systems, because if we look profound socialism and capitalism goes together as republican and democrate. socialism has always been inside capitalism,every capitalism country always have to deal with socialism ( social issues) for the well being of it people.That is why the republicans accuses Barack Obama wanting to bring socialism in america,saying he wants to share wealth.
eye do admire Mr.Barack Obama,not only for being the pride of the black people, but also the newest generations all over the world, saying that the time has come for a new type of leadership, not only in america but all over the globe.
Eye to not think that he is a socialist or that he wants to bring America in that direction, but the point is that he understood that when ever the wealth of a country is only manage by a group of minority that does not even represent one third of the population, this brings separation, division, egoism, in the country.if capitalist only concentrate it power and wealth among a small group of opportunists individuals who control the capitals,this will only lead to corruption and desorganization. that's why there is so much civil wars in africa, because as we all know the hand that gives, is the hand that controls. having economical power is having political power.
eye believe that in africa we need a Socialist-Capitalist system,supporting the belief that african socialist leaders had back in the 50th and 60th , of a so called african socialism sharing economic resources in a "traditional" African way,but with todays africa reality that is not very different from back then.but it needs to be as distinct from classical socialism.

we need to use some of our martyrs Socialism program because it represent a break from the imperial ruling tradition. this type of Socialism ,will be all that capitalism haven't been for the african people.

This system should not oppose capitalism nor a response to it, but should be something completely different. because at this level we can not destroy or see capitalism as something negative. this system needs capitalism to survive, to feed itself. we have to find a way to co-exist together avoying a another cold war or a 3 world war which could erase the world now that most of powerful nations have nuclear bomb, and others we do not know how far they are in having one, or what other type of nuclear power already exist and are being waitted to be texted....
As our Nationalists leaders claimed that, taht type of socialism was fully African, appealing to an African identity that was even stronger than anti-capitalism. Their socialism, they claimed, was merely a recapturing of the spirit of what it was to be African.

A multitude of reasons were presented in support of African socialism. Many believed that Africa was too far “behind” capitalist states in terms of economic development to compete fairly with them. Others appealed to a sense of unity that would not be provided by the competitive capitalist systems. Still others believed that the development of Africa should be planned in order to avoid wasting scarce resources, and avoid future class conflicts.

African identity and socialism were often intertwined. Some leaders claimed that Africa had always been “socialist,” and appealed to socialism as a unifying cultural element for Africans. This was not by any means the only form of African identity that they appealed to, but the combination of socialism and African identity was doubly effective in ending the era of old imperial regimes. Social revolution usually went hand-in-hand with socialism.

Conclusion:
With all the ressources that africa has , if our leaders were serious, if they were doing their job, we would not even need no aids from no country, but we would be the one helping the world.
what we need to do is to learn from their errors in ths construction of our great african nation in unity,uniting our economy,army, politic with one voice to represent africa as one voice. but becareful, not as a copy of the old african socialsm that our forfather couldn't even realize not because they were murdered but because even since the independence, they were already divided due to self ambitions. that the virus that they have left us all today as the people. we need to break that cicle, and come together as the people and change the direction of our continente leadership.the best way to reach there is by changing everything not from the top to thebottom, but from the bottom to the top, because from the top to the bottom is corrupted, that why we need new type of methode, of leadership.
we need to re-organize everything in africa; our political, social, educational, heal, program...and we will do this not as east africans, or western africans, or central africans, but as Africans, seeing Africa as Patrice Lumumba saw it, as whole, and not divided.
''Africa Or Death''

african opposition leaders.( lack of unity and leadership)

In reality the opposition is a left force with a mission to explore how to establish a positive role under the opposition leadership, with a different program but sharing a same mission as republicns and democrats,but with different visions.
they need to showcase new hopes and aspirations to the people which they do not do.
the truth is that even if the so called wind of democracy has entered in africa openning the door to multi-party, we need to understand that most african states still have been a one facto ruling party, from the republic of congo to the republic of gabon, from republic of gabon to republic of cameroune, guinea conakri, guinea bissao, guinea equatorial etc....
the opposition haven't done much at all, most of all because the leaders are not united.they rather shoot at each others, splitting instead of taking measures to
The problem with african Opposition Leaders.

unite and face against these regimes which most have been in power since the independence, directly or indirectly.

African opposition passes through a crisis of leadership,disrupted by égoïsme. everyone wants to be leader of the opposition and occupy the first place, hence the inability of the opposition to agree while its leaders share the same vision of change and the same ideas for the development of Africa.
Another factor is that most of these small group opposition leaders, have had to serve this same ruling party that they criticise today ... the other issue of this policy is to support the regime in place elections through party coalition.
those who really stand for real changes, get's tortured and assassinated.
Nobody in the opposition wants to be under another, everyone wants to be above the other, while the presidency is a unique institution. There can't be several presidents of the Republic,but only one.
our oppositions leaders have had alot of chances to lead our nations but due to personal interets, they missed their opportunities;
in Botwana for example; the Botswana opposition has been best known for unnecessarily shooting itself in the foot through splits and half-hearted measures to unite against the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), which has ruled the country since independence. Indeed, Botswana has remained a multi-party state because of the political magnanimity of the BDP and a democratic culture that has taken root in the country. With its popularity and healthy majority over the years, the BDP would have easily made Botswana a de jure one party state if it so wished.

Currently, the Botswana opposition became in serious state of decline with the possibility to be in line for a thorough wallop in general elections. The country has a number of opposition parties but the main ones, in order of prominence, are the Botswana National Front (BNF), the Botswana Congress Party (BCP), the Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM) and the once dominant Botswana Peoples Party (BPP).
but the leaders of the oppositions not wanting to unite due to slef interets,it created a tension in the oppositions parties.

In Cameroon, the opposition could have won the october 1992 election if they were united behind mr. john fru ndi, like in the center of the opposition there were no understanding,Mr. Biya won the elections with 40 percent votes.

In Guinea conakry, after the militaries capturing the president lasana conte at the palace,like they couldn't agree on how to determine the future of the country,they had no choise but to free him.

Even in the Republic of Congo, after the introduction of multiparty in 1990, president Dennis Sassoun Nguesso lost executive powers as result of the 1991 National Conference and was subsequently defeated in the 1992 presidential election by Pascal Lissouba. like in Mr.Lissouba government,they couldn't agree with their new president, whom for me, eye believe that he is the most intelligent president that the country have ever had. the situation favored Mr. Sassou Nguesso to come back to power 5 years after through a civil war. staying pesident during the transition , and to win the 2002 presidential election which lacked meaningful opposition participation.

But, all opposition leaders weren't so bad, we have countries in africa which has been a good example of democracy in africa; countries such as Ghana with the presidential election of john kufuor.
with the victory of the presidential election of Mr. Abdoulay Wade in Senegal.

but still most of our opposition parties have had opportunities to make a change in the leadership of our nations, but egoistic, selfishness, made us all lose hope.
as long as the opposition leaders won't understand this, it will be difficult to arrive to power for the african people.
we also need the international community to help Africa out of the lethargy by putting pressure on its current leadership, to manage its resources in a transparent manner.
the opposition leaders should most of all also work with the youth,give the african youth a chance to practice a new type of leadership with a new policy.

Conclusion:
eye believe that if our martyrs have had the chance to rule correctly, we wouldn't really need an opposition, because they were devoted for africa's matter. they lived as they died for africa, but like us african, are whom we are. we do not see far, and forget so easily that is why we left the enemies of africa kill and murder our prophets , our hope , and here we are paying the price to have murdered lumumba, sankara, ngouabi,cabral, machel and many more.
eye do believe that africa still has good leaders,but not in these oppositions,
they are outside of africa,all around the world, because the situation home is so desorganized. those in power will never give them a chance, instead they will kill them.
africa's real opposition are the africans students whom after graduating in foreign countries can't even go back home because there's no job for the youth..it are them whom are going to make a change in africa, but in africa not staying outside of africa. for that we all need to come together and take the destiny of africa in our own hands with our tears, sweat and blood.

The problem with most afican governments....

The problem with most of African governments.
(What's the problem with most african governments?)

As the son of an African politician,and as a psycholgist , eye have gotten to understand the problem with most of our African government….

1* First of all, most of our government are repressive dictators, authoritarian regimes, because those leaders usually in most cases militaries and in few cases are civilians, they do not come from the people. If they do not come to power by a coup, they come to power by fraud, representing just a minority sector by dividing the people to rule with iron fist, and the people not knowing the power they have as the people, divided and not knowing whom to trust, have no choice but to live in fear, by those whom are suppose to be there to protect and represent them. Most of these leaders have a bad human right records, because they do not respect the human right, especially the first human right law which is ‘’ the right for every citizen to live free’’ that is why when a dictatorship regime is overthrown, the head leaders always run away in foreign is norder to escape from being trialed as crime agaist humanity and it is sad that there are still potential powerful nations that protect these criminales in their countries.
Where there’s justice there’s no crime, and where there’s crime, there’s no freedom of speech. We need justice, social justice in Africa . in order to have justice, peace, and progress in Africa, it is necessary for the people of Africa to enjoy the benefice of having a continent with so much natural resources and for that we need to sacrifice ourselves.
Politic is dirty but Africa’s politic is worst…our leaders have no mercy, no shame, they’ve lost their dignity , selling their lives to the devil…they will do everything in their power to stay president until they die, preparing their own child or a party member to continue with their regime, and at the end of the day we see witness to one same party that been ruling over and over again in most of Africans country…hiding behind ‘’democracy’ by accepting multipartite , meanwhile the truth is that there is no democracy in most African countries, not even elections….
we hear most of them in their speeches saying that they are against tribalism against civial war, meanwgile they are the same to hide behind their tribes to protect their ineterets and at the end of the day , it are the people who pay the price, being from north or south, east or west, it is always the people who gets to pay with their blood....
my father and eye , we do not get along very well because we have different views when it comes to politic, probably it is because we were both born in different time, and also grew up in different places. eye still remember once when he told me when eye was starting to be interested in politic; he told me; ''leave politic to politicians myself, you do not know what you are involving yourself into'' and eye told him, whom do you call politicians...
today eye grew up, eye have alot of respects to regarding to my father, as a politician and as a father because the few years that eye was under his shadow, eye learned alot from him, and he did raise us all very good as a good father...but still we were never on the same page, especially when it came to african government in general, our country's governments in particular....
sometimes when eye look at how elections are being organized in africa eye just smile...outside of africa, when a government is defeated during the election, they leave power without probelm, in africa, if a regime looses power, violence starts the next day, it is as elections are now a warning for political tensions, and conflicts.
how can you speak of elections when the people go to vote with fears, how can you talk about opposition, when the same opposition is divided. in some countries the opposition doesn’t even exist because it are the same members of the same party that create little weak parties, which at the end form a coalition force supporting the same administration…and those who accept staying in the opposition for a radical change are menaced, tortured , and even murdered….and that is what we African call DEMOCRACY….
Just take a look at most Africa’s administrations and you will realize that it is the same fundamental problem in most of our countries.

2* The lack of leadership!!!

Everything is divided: the government , the army, the people….
To end these ethnic conflicts, our leaders must sit together and agree how to govern our nations by sharing power and finding a way to distribute Africa’s resources equitably.
We need to end with this ‘’tribalism’’ or ‘’ethnicity’’ mentality , and have a national conscious identity in order to have a continental identity, and the only way to reach there is by having a new type of leadership in every aspect giving the torch to Africans intellectuals exercising a new type of politic, because we are tired with our old traditional politic that keeps destroying and dividing Africa. We can only move toward that road by changing all these regimes , moving toward a real change and only through democracy, we can reach to that new Africa nation, working all of us in unity, peace and harmony.

A lot of nations wants to give us a hand, but are withholding their economy aids because they first want to see us organized with;
a- program( vision)
b- goal

They do not want to make the same mistakes as they mde in the past supporting those repressive regimes….because in some countries as in the democratic republic of congo, they had none after the assassination of Patrice Lumumba, but to support Col. Mubutu, who was the only man at that time capable to control the army and organize the country. later on, they realized the mistake that they had done, and even if Mubutu is seen today as a dictator because he was, but we have to accept that he had control over the entire country. today the new government is having alot of problem due to the protection of it borders, because not only that the country is too big, but it calls for the greatness of it leaders.

africa needs to reform it government to have a sustainable economy growth and a political stability in Africa….we should never let no powerful country to tell us what to do, or how to lead our nations but should work all together in order to ameliorate the social , educational , heath , political, economical, and cultural conditions of our society.

3* Corruption:
corruption has destroyed africa's economy. even it are the militarieas regimes that instored corruption in africa, but nowaday it became as a style of life. everyone wants to become a politician to get his part into corruption, so that when he leaves office or die, his family can have a better life. it is all about individuality now, nobody care about others no more. and thses are the sintoms of capitalist, we've all forgotten the social values, the love of one and another.
alot of times when eye read about our socialist leaders, eye do not say that eye agree with all the visions that they had for africa, but on that side eye do admire most of them, to not say all of them, because even if they were divided too in their own parties which lead to there assassinations, but they were good men, honests individuals, who loved not only their nations but africa. they believed that having public office such as being a president shouldn't be a way to have all the honors and glories, but a position of sacrifice, and that is why they had to die young, in order to live eternal in the hearts of their people, and humanity as an example to be follow even if today's generation is pulling away from that dream we all once had, the only dream that can save africa from this chaos.
Leaders like Thomas Sankara, whom when he got to power, the first thing he did was to lower the ministers salary, sending them to participate in the countries agriculture inside the country. when he died he was the poorest president in the world, only had 4 guitares. a president who extended his hand to his people, never considered himself different from them cause he came from them.
a leader like Patrice Lumumba, whom eye consider as Malcolm x had said; ''the great black man to ever walk on the african continent''
this was an excetional individual and leaders, who could have seen from back then and did predicted all this divisions and crisis that we are facing today.
a humble man, full of wisdom and integredy, a prophet.
Leaders such as Doc. Kwame Nkrumah, who believed that only through africa union, we could become a better continent all as one, by uniting our governments, our army, our economy with one voice to represent us all as the people.
and still we overthrew his government.....
and there are many more, Leaders such as; Agostinho Neto, Amilcar Cabral, Samora Machel, Steve Biko, Mrien Ngouabi, Nasser, Sekou Toure', Haile' Selassi, Leopold Sedar Sengor, Nelson Mandela etc...
without forgetting our warrior leaders even before the independance, such as; Chaka Zulu, Samore' Toure', Babemba.....

What eye do not understand and it is the same thing most of the few friends eye have known would ask me in every country where eye have been; ‘’if Africa is so rich in natural resources, than why do you all live in so much poverty’’
Because our leaders aren’t doing their job. Instead of representing us, they represent a small group of people and their allies whom will do all for them to stay in power in every mean necessary….they treat their own people as dogs. For them, we, the people are animals, the only human being are their families. Building villas, hotels, companies and investing their money in foreign countries banks, at home the people starve to death, some live with only 1 dollar a day, some without nothing to eat even where to sleep, and after when the youth find no way but to use violence as the only way to survive, the punish them, even kill them considering them as outlaw, that they are above the law.
Politicians whom are suppose to make the laws, and enforce them, but there’s no-one more above the law than them, them whom are suppose to protect the law, are the first one to violate the law, the constitution.

Conclusion;
eye believe that it is only through democracy that our people can unite, because that is what democracy is all about ; the power of the majority of the people, by the people and for the people. We need to give the people the right to express themselves by educating them. when the people know how to read and write, they will know their duty and their right…so that no politician will be able to come and lie or corrupt them, and they will always vote for the best man to lead the country, not looking at their ethnic, or what this last can give them, but what can be done for the country.
Our first fight is to organize our government first, in order to organize our nations economies and face our many crisis, issues such as: the problem with aids, unemployment, poverty, violence, women abuse, child abuse etc…..
A better future will come, someday we will have what we have always dreamed to have but never had, because there were those who never wanted us to be happy, the dream that our martyrs died for, ‘’total political and economical independance’’, ‘’national integration’’, ‘’African union’’.
As Patrice Lumumba said; me too eye see a brighter Africa, but we will need to work harder in order to get there.
nb: if you have any comments , you may write me on this site
or my yahoo e-mail:rebelution_lumumba@yahoo.com
an afrika'n apart.

The problem with most afican governments....

The problem with most of African government.

What's the problem with most african governments?

As son of an African politician,and as psycholgist , eye have gotten to understand the problem with most of our African government….

1* First of all, most of our government are repressive dictators, authoritarian regimes, because those leaders usually in most cases militaries and in few cases are civilians, they do not come from the people. If they do not come to power by a coup, they come to power by fraud, representing just a minority sector by dividing the people to rule with iron fist, and the people not knowing the power they have as the people, divided and not knowing whom to trust, have no choice but to live in fear, by those whom are suppose to be there to protect and represent them. Most of these leaders have a bad human right records, because they do not respect the human right, especially the first human right law which is ‘’ the right for every citizen to live free’’ that is why when a dictatorship regime is overthrown, the head leaders always run away in foreign is norder to escape from being trialed as crime agaist humanity and it is sad that there are still potential powerful nations that protect these criminales in their countries.
Where there’s justice there’s no crime, and where there’s crime, there’s no freedom of speech. We need justice, social justice in Africa . in order to have justice, peace, and progress in Africa, it is necessary for the people of Africa to enjoy the benefice of having a continent with so much natural resources and for that we need to sacrifice ourselves.
Politic is dirty but Africa’s politic is worst…our leaders have no mercy, no shame, they’ve lost their dignity , selling their lives to the devil…they will do everything in their power to stay president until they die, preparing their own child or a party member to continue with their regime, and at the end of the day we see witness to one same party that been ruling over and over again in most of Africans country…hiding behind ‘’democracy’ by accepting multipartite , meanwhile the truth is that there is no democracy in most African countries, not even elections….
we hear most of them in their speeches saying that they are against tribalism against civial war, meanwgile they are the same to hide behind their tribes to protect their ineterets and at the end of the day , it are the people who pay the price, being from north or south, east or west, it is always the people who gets to pay with their blood....
my father and eye , we do not get along very well because we have different views when it comes to politic, probably it is because we were both born in different time, and also grew up in different places. eye still remember once when he told me when eye was starting to be interested in politic; he told me; ''leave politic to politicians myself, you do not know what you are involving yourself into'' and eye told him, whom do you call politicians...
today eye grew up, eye have alot of respects to regarding to my father, as a politician and as a father because the few years that eye was under his shadow, eye learned alot from him, and he did raise us all very good as a good father...but still we were never on the same page, especially when it came to african government in general, our country's governments in particular....
sometimes when eye look at how elections are being organized in africa eye just smile...outside of africa, when a government is defeated during the election, they leave power without probelm, in africa, if a regime looses power, violence starts the next day, it is as elections are now a warning for political tensions, and conflicts.
how can you speak of elections when the people go to vote with fears, how can you talk about opposition, when the same opposition is divided. in some countries the opposition doesn’t even exist because it are the same members of the same party that create little weak parties, which at the end form a coalition force supporting the same administration…and those who accept staying in the opposition for a radical change are menaced, tortured , and even murdered….and that is what we African call DEMOCRACY….
Just take a look at most Africa’s administrations and you will realize that it is the same fundamental problem in most of our countries.

2* The lack of leadership!!!

Everything is divided: the government , the army, the people….
To end these ethnic conflicts, our leaders must sit together and agree how to govern our nations by sharing power and finding a way to distribute Africa’s resources equitably.
We need to end with this ‘’tribalism’’ or ‘’ethnicity’’ mentality , and have a national conscious identity in order to have a continental identity, and the only way to reach there is by having a new type of leadership in every aspect giving the torch to Africans intellectuals exercising a new type of politic, because we are tired with our old traditional politic that keeps destroying and dividing Africa. We can only move toward that road by changing all these regimes , moving toward a real change and only through democracy, we can reach to that new Africa nation, working all of us in unity, peace and harmony.

A lot of nations wants to give us a hand, but are withholding their economy aids because they first want to see us organized with;
a- program( vision)
b- mission
c- goal

They do not want to make the same mistakes as they mde in the past supporting those repressive regimes….because in some countries as in the democratic republic of congo, they had none after the assassination of Patrice Lumumba, but to support Col. Mubutu, who was the only man at that time capable to control the army and organize the country. later on, they realized the mistake that they had done, and even if Mubutu is seen today as a dictator because he was, but we have to accept that he had control over the entire country. today the new government is having alot of problem due to the protection of it borders, because not only that the country is too big, but it calls for the greatness of it leaders.

africa needs to reform it government to have a sustainable economy growth and a political stability in Africa….we should never let no powerful country to tell us what to do, or how to lead our nations but should work all together in order to ameliorate the social , educational , heath , political, economical, and cultural conditions of our society.

3* Corruption:
corruption has destroyed africa's economy. even it are the militarieas regimes that instored corruption in africa, but nowaday it became as a style of life. everyone wants to become a politician to get his part into corruption, so that when he leaves office or die, his family can have a better life. it is all about individuality now, nobody care about others no more. and thses are the sintoms of capitalist, we've all forgotten the social values, the love of one and another.
alot of times when eye read about our socialist leaders, eye do not say that eye agree with all the visions that they had for africa, but on that side eye do admire most of them, to not say all of them, because even if they were divided too in their own parties which lead to there assassinations, but they were good men, honests individuals, who loved not only their nations but africa. they believed that having public office such as being a president shouldn't be a way to have all the honors and glories, but a position of sacrifice, and that is why they had to die young, in order to live eternal in the hearts of their people, and humanity as an example to be follow even if today's generation is pulling away from that dream we all once had, the only dream that can save africa from this chaos.
Leaders like Thomas Sankara, whom when he got to power, the first thing he did was to lower the ministers salary, sending them to participate in the countries agriculture inside the country. when he died he was the poorest president in the world, only had 4 guitares. a president who extended his hand to his people, never considered himself different from them cause he came from them.
a leader like Patrice Lumumba, whom eye consider as Malcolm x had said; ''the great black man to ever walk on the african continent''
this was an excetional individual and leaders, who could have seen from back then and did predicted all this divisions and crisis that we are facing today.
a humble man, full of wisdom and integredy, a prophet.
Leaders such as Doc. Kwame Nkrumah, who believed that only through africa union, we could become a better continent all as one, by uniting our governments, our army, our economy with one voice to represent us all as the people.
and still we overthrew his government.....
and there are many more, Leaders such as; Agostinho Neto, Amilcar Cabral, Samora Machel, Steve Biko, Mrien Ngouabi, Nasser, Sekou Toure', Haile' Selassi, Leopold Sedar Sengor, Nelson Mandela etc...
without forgetting our warrior leaders even before the independance, such as; Chaka Zulu, Samore' Toure', Babemba.....

What eye do not understand and it is the same thing most of the few friends eye have known would ask me in every country where eye have been; ‘’if Africa is so rich in natural resources, than why do you all live in so much poverty’’
Because our leaders aren’t doing their job. Instead of representing us, they represent a small group of people and their allies whom will do all for them to stay in power in every mean necessary….they treat their own people as dogs. For them, we, the people are animals, the only human being are their families. Building villas, hotels, companies and investing their money in foreign countries banks, at home the people starve to death, some live with only 1 dollar a day, some without nothing to eat even where to sleep, and after when the youth find no way but to use violence as the only way to survive, the punish them, even kill them considering them as outlaw, that they are above the law.
Politicians whom are suppose to make the laws, and enforce them, but there’s no-one more above the law than them, them whom are suppose to protect the law, are the first one to violate the law, the constitution.

Conclusion;
eye believe that it is only through democracy that our people can unite, because that is what democracy is all about ; the power of the majority of the people, by the people and for the people. We need to give the people the right to express themselves by educating them. when the people know how to read and write, they will know their duty and their right…so that no politician will be able to come and lie or corrupt them, and they will always vote for the best man to lead the country, not looking at their ethnic, or what this last can give them, but what can be done for the country.
Our first fight is to organize our government first, in order to organize our nations economies and face our many crisis, issues such as: the problem with aids, unemployment, poverty, violence, women abuse, child abuse etc…..
A better future will come, someday we will have what we have always dreamed to have but never had, because there were those who never wanted us to be happy, the dream that our martyrs died for, ‘’total political and economical independance’’, ‘’national integration’’, ‘’African union’’.
As Patrice Lumumba said; me too eye see a brighter Africa, but we will need to work harder in order to get there.
nb: if you have any comments , you may write me on this site
or my yahoo e-mail:rebelution_lumumba@yahoo.com
an afrika'n apart.

THOMAS SANKARA

I am a south-American, from Colombia. As other people coming from my region I have African heritage, actually my city had a huge influence from Africa, (Cartagena). In my country (and I think all around the region) the African component had been forgotten. For example, when I was in high school I didnt learn much about it but I remember we had relatively more about indigenous aspects.

Even though, Now days I can perceive more intellectual and cultural interest on the African part that contribute to the formation of latin-american culture.

In the other hand, we only hear bad news about the black continent, aids and poverty its the first thing that people would imagine when Africa is mentioned. therefore I did a little web research about positive characteristics and I found some great heroes that fought and tried to make a difference and a better place of it. (I must thank to my friend sully who introduce me to learn more about Africa)

Thomas Sankara

this month is commemorated 21 years of his death. He had a impact not only in Burkina Faso, all over Africa.

Sankara was a revolutionary fighter, opposing to the colonialism and imperalism. He became primer minister of his nation, Bukhara Faso on 1983. He had unique actions as a leader. He emphasized on the need of revolutionary methods created by african people to obtain a real independency from powerful countries and a self-control economic development. He defended human rights, women rights, environmental factor and health aspects.

A year after he started his mandate "2.5 million children were immunized for several infectious diseases and even children from neighbouring countries were vaccinated."(1) It was the first time Africa having a massive vaccination campaign.

Sankara paid carefully attention to gender discrimination. During his period there was more women in government posts than before. Sankara had the great idea to make men realize about the importance of women work at home and he also wanted to demonstrated that it was not only a matter of women it also could be done by men, declaring "a day of solidarity with housewives and forced men to go to market and take responsibility for household duties."(2)

Sankara was defined as a simple person, he didn't like any luxury object. He decided to sell a Mercedes-Benz fleet that were property of the government, and buy some Renault that were more reasonable. (3)

Furthermore, Thomas Sankara was killed on October 15 1987. his organization The National Revolutionary Council (NRC) was not strong enough, it was not united, that leaded to divide members of the government. Also, THomas Sankara willing to improve faster took some decisions that later he recognized as mistakes. This was the perfect opportunity for the opponent group that made part of his same organization NRC to declare him as a threat and kill him afterwards.

“Sankara’s revolution was simple: work more, spend less and spend better, produce more, be concerned with the priority needs of the country. He said ’our revolution is and must be permanent; the collective action of the revolutionaries to transform reality and improve the concrete situation of the popular masses our country. Our revolution will only have a value, if, looking back, we will be able to say that the people of Burkina are a little happier because they have clean drinking water, sufficient food, good health, education, decent housing and more freedom, more democracy, more dignity. Our revolution will have a right to exist if it can answer these questions concretely.” (4) http://www.thomassankara.net/article.php3?id_article=0526

In other words, this hero sacrificed his life and left his legacy to make people realize the importance of teamwork and unity, that’s the most important lesson African should practice!!

I think the blame of the multiples issues in Africa is not only on others (they have an influence). the main problem is that Africa hasn't awake and its people haven't seen the potential. Africa is able to act as united force, it doesn’t matter whether the super powerful countries want to impose their rules, they wont be able to defeat a united Africa!

By BETTY MUNERA

(1)The true visionary Thomas Sankara -[en] - Wednesday 27 February 2008 http://www.thomassankara.net/article.php3?id_article=0527

(2) Ibid

(3)Ibid

(4) Burkina Faso: Thomas Sankara - Chronicle of an Organised Tragedy - by Cheriff M. Sy -[en] - Saturday 9 February 2008http://www.thomassankara.net/article.php3?id_article=0527

intrroduction

meye see myself as a sleepwalker...born 150 years before my time...because eye live in the past,walk and sleep in the futur. eye am a version of how a true african should be like...ready to die for africa's cause, some might call me an advanturist, others will even say that eye am crazy living in a world byself, maybe eye am, but eye have a dream, and eye live for that dream...which is seeing one day my continent united...some will say it is impossible; they could be right...but looking at the world today, looking at africa since the independance til now, you'll see that all we do is moving backward....yesterday we used to blame ''the white men'' responsable for our misery, but today they are gone and it worst....ever since our uncles, took power, things are worst than before...maybe Senghor was right when he said we weren't ready to take our independance, maybe Sekou Toure' was right when he said No to general De Gaule, not wanting his country being part of the franco-africa comunity; but the truth is that , no matter who was right or wrong, it us who got to face the consecuences......things have change,that is why eye decided to creat this blog...so that not only every africans proud to be africans could come together and share aideas, but also those whom aren't africans and are concern and interested in giving us a hand and making africa a better place for our childrens and our childrens childrens...cause at the end of the day, we are all african's....african is the motherland.......it may be too late to educate our parents but there's still time to educate our childrens....and let not only blame military regime, responsable of africa's many crisis, but civilians governement are also to be blame....and us as the people too we are to be blame..becuase , eye believe that , the day africans will want to be united, they will....cause we are educated, we are civilized, we know our history....that is why eye say, it is up to us as the youth to determine the destiny of our great Continent, and creat our young nation.....eye am talking about the dream that Doc. Nkwame Nkrumah had, the dream of Patrice Lumumba............and do not worry because we are not on our own, there are alot of africans and no africans ready to give us a hand, but we need to start that process....take things seriously , and in control...God will never let us down....so those of you who have no voice, this bloc will be your voice, no matter who you are , where you are from.....this will be your voice, and we won't only stop in africa but anywhere there a need for our hand....we will be there.....
what we need is love, not division, what we need is peace, no civil war, what we need is intelligence, not imposition......afrika before all,alwayz.
eye liketo write, read, paint and draw...eye am obsess with politic... my favorites politicians leader are:Patrice Lumumba, Thomas Sankara, Marien Ngouabi, Amilcar Cabral,Fidel Castro, Hernesto Che' Guevara,Camillo Cienfuego,Gandi,Ho Chi Min,Malcolm X, Steve Biko, El Sadat,Napoleon Bonaparte, abraham lincoln,J.F.K, Barack Obama, just to name some names.
eye love music, raggae hip hop, r n b ,and pop,and african music, those whom eye admire are:
c-17,2pac,B.I.G, Bob Marley,Alpha Blondy, UB 40, Michael Jackson, Luembo Franco...
about my studies; eye am a Rochambeau student ( in bethesda, Maryland; Eashington)
eye have a bachelor from serie A ( obtain in congo Brazzaville)
a degree in psychology (obtain in cuba)
and am doing my master in international relation ( in jamaica)
at the same time working ......
eye have so many dreams like any other individual only that sometimes hoping to go where no african have ever gone before......cause it is all about ambitons,vision,determination and regognition...about values and priority...
but africa before all, afrika forever ''AFRIKA OR DEATH........ ''
NB: who ever is interrested in beeing part of this bloc or have comments, negative or positive,can contact me on: rebelution_lumumba@yahoo.com

thank-you for dedicating time to this bloc, and may God be with you,always.